Some important guidelines to write a successful PhD proposal

What is a PhD research proposal?

A Proposal that is designed to outline your proposed project is a PhD proposal. It defines a clear question and approach to answer it. Helps to highlight its originality or significance. This proposal will help you to know about existing literature in the field. Even if you are working on a establish project still you are expected as a part of university application procedure, to explain the development of particular research that you are working on.

The main purpose of the proposal is that the candidate has done proper research in their area of interest. They should be ready to tell about the broad description of their issues in proposed proposal. Often researchers are needed to be modified because finding cannot be predicted beforehand. Your proposal should be attractive enough to attract the academic community that you want to be work with and be sure about the time duration, complete the project within given realistic time frame and at a reasonable cost. So, In order to prepare your proposal read below guidelines that will assist you in this task.  It is important to check with department for word limits and guidelines.

What is a research proposal for?

Potential supervisors will use your research proposal to check the quality and generality of your ideas.  Your research proposal will give them access to check your skills in critical thinking and to check whether your project is feasible or not. Please keep in mind that your need to complete your proposal within three years if you’re doing it regularly and if you are going for the part time then you need to complete this program within six years. So carefully think about the scope of your research and get ready to explain how you will complete it within this time frame.

To access your expertise in a particular area and to check knowledge of the existing literature, the research programs are designed. These are used to access and assign the supervisor team.  If you want to work with a particular supervisor and you have discussed it with that person, so you need to mention about this in your proposal. Before making a formal application, we advise you to check and identify the particular supervisor, discuss your proposal informally with supervisor and also ensure the mutual interest. It will help you to gain the input on the design, scope, and feasibility of your project.

Critically, it will give you an opportunity to communicate about your passion in the specific area of your subject and it will give an effective logic about your project accomplishment. Although a project will cover an outline so it should be proposed as the logical essay that is it helps to gain attention to the readers and show them the importance of your project.

Is the research proposal set in stone?

This is not true because the good proposal spread as the work release. It is common for students to rectify their actual proposal with the help of literature reviews given in detailed. For further reviews, you can consider the reviews and comments of the expert’s supervisors.  It is helpful if you view your proposal as the beginning outline rather than making it “final product” summary.

Structuring a Research Proposal

To start with any department, check carefully and find out whether a particular template is needed or provided. The following elements are critically needed commonly to make a strong research proposal:-

Title

You can change the title but keep in mind to include the important keywords that will refer to the particular potential supervisor, funding schemes and more. You should make sure that you that your title should simply describe the subject matter – which will identify your approach and key questions.

(A)    Project Summary

This section will give a summary of your proposed research to the reader who is not specialized in this field. It will summarize the aims, significance, and outcomes of the research.

(B)    Project details

This section should give the solid and convincing framework for your research by including the following subsections:-

•    Research questions: - This section should include research questions and give major approach to the conceptual, theoretical and normative approach to the questions.

•    Aims/Objectives of the Project: - List of your aims should be logical and in sequence like what you want to know, prove, analyze, investigate or examine. The aim of the project is to be providing an outline of the project to be proposed and to give permission to the student to start preparing the research proposal. 

 Overview of research

In this section, you should abstract your research overview and observe that they are suitable for existing academic discourses, debates and literature. You need to be particular about recognizing the development and debutantes you want to join with but get the direct way to lead long exegesis PhD particular course.

Make links between your research and existing strengths of the departments to which you will apply within this section. You can go and check for suitable websites that will help you to search for the existing research going in the particular department and check whether your project can go with this.

You need to make unique different proposals if you are applying for multiple departments. The proposal should be unique for every department.

Ground your research in existing literature

You need to rectify some important debates and issues at this stage, also show your knowledge about the main works of research that are addressing the research issue that you are proposing for. It is not possible for you to review all relevant literature at this stage so you can go for few. In this part of the proposal, you should give reference to the texts that are most important related to the research. Identify your gaps in both theoretical and practical issues by demonstrating your understanding to the research issues. The original piece of your research PhD, will help to demonstrate that your proposed topic has been studied before or not.

Research design, methodology, and timescale

In this section, you will be able to identify the information and data that you will need in order to address the main issue of your research.  It will identify how you will use the material and important research methods and techniques that you will use.  You should also pinpoint the main problems that you may face during the research process.

Theoretical framework and methods

You need to demonstrate that you already have given some time to thought about the methods that you will use on things. There will be no need to give full details about those methods that you will use to answer your research questions..

You should forecast the methods that you will use to achieve the project aims and also to show that your project is feasible or not within the given time period. Your application will get unsuccessful if you are not able to complete your proposal in time.

Aims to address following points:-

•    How do you predict that you will achieve the project aims and what is your reason for taking this project approach?

•    Explain what do you need?

•    Can you go for necessary data and expertise?

•    Do you need particular resources to complete your project?

•    Are you aware of any barriers or pitfalls?

•    The proposed project should involve human ethics, animal ethics, and safety?

•    Do you require any travel or field work? If yes the where to go and how long and for how much time?

  

Timescale

 You should provide the realistic plan in which you will complete your studies for research whether its three years plan or six years part-time plan. You also need to complete your monthly/quarterly outline within the time scheduled.

Methodology

It can be the longest section of your research outline. This is very important section and you need to give full attention to this section. All questions that are answered should be in detailed information. The person who will read your proposal will look for quality of evidence that you have used.  You should clearly define all the research strategies that are related to your department. All the methods that you have used for data gathering should be defined clearly.

References

The references you provide to the reader should be in a good sense of your grasp on the literature and how you use them. You should be confident about the reference texts and resources that you have used to play the large role in your analysis. It’s a critical reflection of the selection of appropriate text used by you so be careful about this because you are not writing a bibliography that you can list anything.

The key to writing a strong research proposal:-

1.    You should be clear about your research idea.  This will take the assumption in form and you can identify a more open-ended issue.

2.    Try to establish the impotence and relation of the proposed research question in the surroundings of the current academic thinking.

3.    You should give the complete description about the data and source material you need in your research program.

4.    You need to give a clear and practical approach to the methods that you used to enable the address of your research topic and to answer the questions.

5.    You should suggest the impact that your research might have, and the new areas you work.

6.     You need to explain why you’re qualified and capable of doing the proposed research.

7.    Do all the above points in a short, cleared and grammatical manner.

Possible pitfalls

Very often student’s proposal fails to be accepted as entrance criteria for PhD because of the weakness in their proposal. To avoid the rejection, on must follow this advice in their mind:-

1.    You should be sure about the research idea, its questions, and problems. These things should be stated very clearly.

2.    Time should be given to the formulating questions in the early stage of a project because they are as important as project results.

3.    You should be sure about the applying to a department that you have researched, ensure that there are staffs that are interested in your project and also supervise your project.

4.    Make sure that you have connected potential supervisors in advance, and shown them the polished version of your project.

5.    You should be ready to accept the changes, so do not make your proposal final proposal without taking help of expert supervisors. Be ready to accept the changes in your proposal.

6.    The poorly formed proposal indicates that proposed project may suffer from rejection so; you should make sure that project is well structured.

7.    The scope of your project is reasonable, within the significant limits to the size, be sure about this.

8.    You need to complete and write the project within given span of time.

9.    Your passion for the particular subject should be to shine through the structure and arguments present within your proposal. We know that we are nit experts in this field but it’s up to you only to make your project and subject matter to get engage with your readers.

10.    You should be sure about the proposal gives the understanding of each of the research methods and these research methods should clearly identify the appropriate research questions.

Checklist for a research proposal

1.    The content of the table.

2.    Introduction to the related topic.

3.    Research project problem statement and justification.

4.    Objectives of the study.

5.    Review of research and literature.

6.    Methods of research.

7.    Data collection and its evolution.

8.    Analysis of text and documents.

9.    Results and output of the study.

10.    Bibliography.

11.    Timetable.

Exemption from completing a Research Proposal

The students who originate from a country subject to UNSC sanctions are exempted from the requirement to complete a research proposal as part of the application for admission. All the students who are applying to the faculties of different subjects are requires submitting a research proposal on the research proposal template.

VLSI Projects List for M.tech Thesis

1. A Clock less, Multi-Stable, CMOS Analog Circuit.
2. An Improved Design of Key Analog Circuits in CMOS Image Sensor
3. Frequency Compensation in Two-Stage Operational Amplifiers for achieving High 3-db Bandwidth.
4. Circle Equation-Based Fault Modeling Methodfor Linear Analog Circuits.
5. Indirect Miller Effect Based Compensation in Low Power Two-Stage Operational Amplifiers.
6. Analog Circuit Design Using Tunnel-fets.
7. Ultra-Low-Voltage Operation ofCMOS Analog Circuits: Amplifiers,Oscillators, and Rectifiers.
8. N-Channel Dual-Workfunction-Gate MOSFET forAnalog Circuit Applications.
9. Steady State Computation and Noise Analysis of Analog Mixed Signal Circuits.
10. New Possibilities and Trends in Circuit Design for Analog Signal Processing.
11. Offset Reduction in Operational Amplifiers using Floating Gate Technology and LMS Algorithm.
12. A  Method  of  Analog  Circuit  Optimization  Using Adjoint  Sensitivity  Analysis
13. Area and power optimized multipliers with minimum leakage.
14. Comparison and analysis of combinational circuits using different logic styles.
15. Combinational circuits without false paths.
16. Fast 32-bit digital multiplier.
17. Fully cmos programmable voltage adder/subtractor.
18. Optimization of combinational logic circuits through decomposition of truth table and evolution of sub-circuits.
19. Low-power design techniques for high-performance cmos adders.
20. Variable input delay cmos logic for low power design.
21. Analysis of metastability performance in digital circuits on flip-flop.
22. A translinear-based implementation of digital logic gates using only cmos in current-mode.
23. Optimized power performance and simulation of reversible logic multiplexer.
24. Vlsi implementation of reduced complexity wallace multiplier using energy efficient cmos full adder.
25. An improved design of combinational digital circuits with multiplexers using genetic algorithm
26. Mixed-Signal VLSI Design in 0.5μm Process of Nano-Power Subcompact Mirror Amplifier for Accusensor.
27. CMOS Current Steering Logic for Low-Voltage Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits.
28. A 3.8-ns CMOS 16 x 16-b Multiplier Using Complementary Pass-Transistor Logic.
29. The Design of A Low-Power Low-Noise Phase Lock Loop.
30. Ultra-High Bandwidth Fully-Differential Three-Stage Operational Amplifiers in 40nm Digital CMOS.
31. Wide Output Swing Inverterfed Modified Regulated CASCODE Amplifier for Analog and Mixed-Signal Applications.
32. A Digital-Based Analog Differential Circuit.
33. A low open-loop gain, high-PSRR, micro power CMOS amplifier for mixed-signal applications.
34. Circuit Techniques for CMOS Low-Power High-Performance Multiplier.
35. An Efficient Mixed-Signal 2.4-ghz Polar PowerAmplifier in 65-nm CMOS Technology.

FPGA Design and Verilog HDL Projects List

1.      FPGA implementation of LDPC bit-flipping algorithm using Co-simulation.
2.      FPGA implementation of LDPC Decoder using min-sum algorithm.
3.      Implementation of AES for image encryption and decryption.
4.      Development and verification of SPI protocol.
5.      Development and verification of PPI protocol.
6.      Audio processing using digital filter using Co-simulation.
7.      Design of single precision (32-bit) Floating point ALU.
8.      Design and implementation of the 128-point FFT processor.
9.      Design and implementation of 16bit RISC Processor.
10.    FPGA implementation of the 12-bit Ternary multiplier.
11.    Design of ECG signal processing and denoising using co-simulation.
12.    Design of low power test pattern generator.
13.    A BIST TPG for Low Power Dissipation and High Fault Coverage
14.    Low-Transition LFSR for BIST-Based Applications
15.    Verilog Implementation of UART with BIST capability
16.    Verilog implementation of RSA cryptography algorithm.
17.    Verilog implementation of 64, 32, 16 and 8 bit CSA.
18.    Design of low power TPG using LP_LFSR for fault coverage.
19.    Design and implementation of the 32-point FFT processor by Folding Transform.
20.    FPGA implementation of the REDEYE detection and correction.
21.    FPGA implementation JPEG 2000 using 2-D DWT .
22.    Hardware implementation JPEG 2000 using DWT.
23.    Hardware implementation of the H.264 encoder for HD Video.
24.    Hardware implementation of the MPEG encoder.
25.    FPGA implementation of Quantization algorithms for multi standard video platform.
26.    FPGA implementation of the motion object detection based on background subtraction.
27.    FPGA implementation of the AES algorithm for reduced cycles.
28.    Design and implementation of the MRI image enhancement and denoising.
29.    Hardware implementation of the ECG (Arrhythmia).
30.    Fault tolerant deflecting router with high fault coverage for ON-Chip network.
31.    BIST implementation of the UART.
32.    Orientation field estimation for the fingerprint enhancement.
33.    Verilog implementation of Reconfigurable router (NOC).
34.    Verilog implementation of Decimal to binary conversion.
35.    Verilog implementation of 3D-DWT.

If you need any suggestion or research guidance for FPGA design & verilog HDL projects then feel free to contact us.

Low Power Digital VLSI Projects List

• ALU in FINFET
• VARIABLE TAPER CMOS BUFFER DESIGN
• Sleepy Keeper Approach for Power Performance Tuning in VLSI Design.
• 0-9 bit pattern recognition circuits using neural network, 3-bit pattern recognition.
• An adaptive Pulse-Triggered Flip-Flop for a High-Speed and Voltage Scalable Standard Cell Library.
• Lewis grey comparator.
• 4×4-Bit Array Two Phase Clocked Adiabatic Static CMOS Logic Multiplier with New XOR.
• Adiabatic Logic Based Low Power Multiplexer and De-multiplexer.
• Low Power D-latch design using MCML Tri-state Buffers.
• Ultra Low Power NAND Based Multiplexer and Flip flop.
• MOS Current Mode Logic Realization of Digital Arithmetic Circuits.
• 0-0\9 digit pattern recognition circuit using neural network.
• 6 transistors XOR and XNOR using FINFET.
• Winner Take All Circuits of O (n) Complexity.
• Low power adiabatic booth multiplier using Positive feedback adiabatic logic (PFAL).
• Transmission gate based full adder in deep sub-micron technology.
• Low power radix-4 booth multiplier using GDI logic.
• High performance nibble multiplexer using modified adiabatic logic.
• Sense energy recovery full adder working in sub-threshold region of operation.
• Clock gated 4-bit Johnson counter using low power JK flip flop.
• A Low-Power Level Shifter With Logic Error Correction for Extremely Low-Voltage Digital CMOS LSIs.
• New Low-Power Techniques: Leakage Feedback with Stack & Sleep Stack with Keeper.
• Low Power, Delay Optimized Buffer Design using 70 nm CMOS Technology.
• Clock gated 4-bit Johnson counter using low power JK flip flop.
• Design of a novel low power 8-transistor 1-bit full adder cell.

If you need any suggestion or research guidance for Low Power Digital VLSI Projects then feel free to contact us.

Analog & Mixed Signal Design Projects List

•    Common source amplifier.
•    Flash ADC Architecture using Multiplexers to Reduce a Preamplifier and Comparator Count.
•    Design of SRAM Cell from (6 transistors-12 transistors).
•    6 Bit multiplexed based modified Flash Analog to Digital converter.
•    Over Current protection circuit.
•    TIQ based ADC.
•    Low supply Voltage High performance CMOS current mirror.
•    Low power quad node 10T soft error tolerant SRAM cell for space applications. (at 90nm).
•    Power reduction technique for low power SRAM’s with high soft error tolerance.
•    Design of long reset time Power on reset (POR) circuit with Brown out detection.
•    Design and analysis low power two stage operational amplifiers at 180 nm.
•    Design and Simulation Difference Types CMOS Phase Frequency Detector for high speed and   low   Jitter PLL.
•    Switched-current type of hamming neural network system for pattern recognition.
•    Design of a Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator.

If you need any suggestion or research guidance for Analog & Mixed Signal design projects then feel free to visit us.

An overview of Research Guidance in PhD

Silicon Mentor is one of the best research entities in India. To make an environment of research we are providing our services in research and development of some of the world most recent burning topics in engineering and technology. Silicon Mentor has expertise in various research domain including Computer Vision, Machine Learning, VLSI, Biomedical Signal Processing and Digital Signal Processing. In the process of research and development we have a unit which provides research guidance to the PhD students. Our research process for PhD projects starts from the specific domain topic selection.

1)    The topic selection is based on either on the student requirement or we suggest them appropriate topic.
2)    After the selection of appropriate topic and research domain we assign our expert team for the support PhD student. This team works with the students on some of the previous work published in SCI indexed journals.
3)    During the review period of the previous work our team starts to generate new idea to modify the previous work.
4)    After the completion of previous work verification we turn our direction of research towards the modification in the previous design or to generate a new idea.
5)    For the implementation of new idea or modification we continuously contact the students and make him understand the new work.
6)    For the required tool training Silicon Mentor runs special class to train the students.
7)    After the modification of the design we do compare the result of the modified design and previous work.
8)    After the verification of complete verification of the result we forward this to next step.
9)    We do also compare analytical and simulative results for the preparation of the proposed method.
10)    After the completion of the all above steps we provide our expert team in the domain of research paper publication.
11)    Our expert team of Research paper publication provides updates about the new conference and journal publication.
12)    We usually suggest our clients to publish their work in IEEE, Springer like publications.
13)    We also help them to publish their work in any of the SCI index journals.

Thus we try to provide best research guidance for PhD thesis and PhD projects. We are in the process of continuous improvement to make our services more convenient in the area of Research and Development. For more information you can contact us.

How to make an FPGA Partially Reconfigurable

Partially reconfiguration means changing the FPGA partially or only the selected part of the FPGA is reconfigured. It can be done in two ways:

i)    Module based partial reconfiguration
Partial reconfiguration on the basis of difference

Module based partial reconfiguration:

In module based reconfiguration we reconfigure on the specific module or only by changing a selected module we can do the partially reconfiguration of our FPGA. The portions of the design to be reconfigured are known as reconfigurable modules. Specific properties and specific layout criteria must be met with respect to a reconfigurable module, FPGA design intending to use partial reconfiguration must be planned and laid out with that in mind.

Partial reconfiguration on the basis of difference:

Partial reconfiguration on the basis of difference is a method of making small changes in an FPGA design, such as changing I/O standards, LUT equations, and block RAM content.

Applications:

i)    To lessen power or making the design power-efficient.
ii)    Through the JTRS Program, SDRs are becoming a reality for the defense industries as an effective and necessary tool for communication. SDRs assure the JTRS standard by having both a software-reprogrammable operating environment and the ability to support multiple channels and networks simultaneously.
iii)    Partial reconfiguration is useful in a variety of applications across many industries. The aerospace and defense industries have certainly taken advantage of its capabilities.
iv)    Increased system performance. Although a portion of the design is being reconfigured, the rest of the system can keep on to operate. There is no loss of performance or functionality with unaffected portions of a design.
v)    Hardware sharing. Because partial reconfiguration allows you to run multiple applications on a single FPGA, hardware sharing is realized. Benefits include reduced device count, reduced power consumption, smaller boards, and in particular lower costs.

key steps used in Xilinx to make the FPGA partially Reconfigured:

1: First Create Processor Hardware System.
2: Then Create Software Project.
3: After then Create a Plan ahead Project.
4: Defining a Reconfigurable Partition.
5: Adding Reconfigurable Modules.
6: significant the Reconfigurable Partition Region.
7: Running the Design Rule Checker.
 8: Then Create the First Configuration, Implementing, and Promoting.
9: Then Create Other Configurations, and Implementing.
10: Then Run Partial Reconfiguration to Verify Utility.
11: Generating Bit Files.
12: Creating an Image, and Testing.

Advantages:

There are many advantages to make the FPGA reconfigured. only some from them are following:

I)    To make the device more efficient.
II)    To lessen the LUTs of the design by replacing only specific portion.
III)    To lessen power of the design by replacing only specific portion.
IV)    To lessen the delay of the design by replacing only specific portion or a specific module.




                                                                                                                   
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